Copenhagen - Denmark

It supports the testing of demand management approaches and future mobility service provider solutions within a detailed and operationally realistic transport system. The pilot is based on a large-scale multimodal simulation environment covering the Greater Copenhagen region, including private transport, bus services, and rail-based modes such as train and metro. The model represents extensive public transport networks and captures interactions between regional and urban mobility, including effects at major hubs and along regional rail corridors.
The simulation framework incorporates behavioural models of traveller decision-making, including route choice, departure-time choice, and mode selection, combined with activity-based trip planning. This enables the assessment of user behaviour and system-level impacts under a wide range of future mobility scenarios. The pilot evaluates advanced mobility services and demand management measures such as dynamic pricing, artificial currency schemes, and the interaction of Mobility-as-a-Service operators with existing transport modes. Recently deployed services including bike sharing, car sharing, and car pooling are also represented. Within FEDORA, the Copenhagen pilot integrates solutions for agent-based demand representation, passenger and demand management, dynamic pricing and incentivisation, and foresight scenario generation, providing a testbed for large-scale impact assessment and network management optimisation.